Orrian Part 4: VERBS!

Hello everyone this is part four in my series on the Orrian language! This section will cover the concept of "action words"! So lets get to it!

Verb concepts within Orrian can be marked along four lines:

• Tense or the time that an action occurs!
• Aspect the means or the status of the action.
• Modality or how an action is meant to be acted.
• Voice the way in which the action is done.

Verb Stems

-arri

-erre

-orri

-irri

Tense

Tense within Orrian is marked into the following tenses.

Present: Actions in the current time.

Imperfect: Uncompleted past actions, or ongoing actions in the past.

Perfect: A completed action, actions that are done.

Pluperfect: A completed action in the past.

Past: Actions that occurred in the past or have happened.

Future: An action that will happen.

Future Perfect: An action that is completed in the future.

First Conjugation:  -arri

Present: -arruk

Imperfect: -amu

Perfect: -ame

Pluperfect: -anyi

Past: -ayen

Future: -alat

Future Perfect: -aite

Second Conjugation:  -erre

Present: -erruk

Imperfect: -emu

Perfect: -eme

Pluperfect: -enyi

Past: -eyen

Future: -elat

Future Perfect: -aute

Third Conjugation:  -irri

Present: -iruk

Imperfect: -inu

Perfect: -ine

Pluperfect: -indju

Past: -iyen

Future: -ilet

Future Perfect: -itu

Third Conjugation:  -orri

Present: -orruk

Imperfect: -omu

Perfect: -ome

Pluperfect: -onyi

Past: -oyen

Future: -olat

Future Perfect: -ote

Aspect

Progressive: The action is ongoing.

Imperfective: The action is not completed.

Perfective: The action is completed

Aspect is marked by the markers:

Progressive: anda

Imperfective: elar

Perfective: ilish

These markers occur after the verb or action that they modify in the phrase.

Modality

Modality or or mood deals with how the meaning of an action is expressed. Orrian has a fairly advanced modal system based upon a focus on the meaning of action. These are marked by particles placed after the noun and before the verb, much in the same way of english's aux verbs "I must do this this" is an example.

Indicative: A truthful or a statement of good belief.

Imperative: A statement of command or demand, prohibition or requests.

Subjunctive: A statement of suggestion or possibility.

Conditional: A statement of condition

Opative: A statement of hope, or wishes.

Jussive: A statement of pleading or insistence, or desire.

Interrogative: A statement of questioning or inquiry.

Here are the modal markers:

Indicative: yazh
Imperative: dayen
Subjunctive: garan
Conditional: yash
Opative: ilil
Jussive: dere
Interrogative: ko

Voice

Voice describes who is commiting the action or if the action is being acted upon someone. In Orrian Voice occurs as a clitic attached to the verb marked with a hyphen. This clitic also conjugates to plurality. The conjugation of the voice depends upon the agent (the noun of the action itself) and if it is singular or plural.

Active: The action is being committed actively against something.

Middle: The action is being committed against some itself (a partial reflexive).

Passive: The object of the action was acted upon.

Active Singular: -tan

Active Plural: -tain

Middle Singular: -lan

Middle Plural: -lain

Passive Singular: -gen

Passive Plural: -gazh

Orrian Notes Part 3 - Adjectives, and Verbs

Today I hope to cover the invention of Orrian Adjectives, Verbs and Pronouns.

To let everyone known I'm officially naming this the Tyrian Language family after the continent for now.

Adjectives

Orrian Adjectives appear after the noun in much in the case of latin and greek. They also take on the same case as the noun they are modifying.

-u Stems: (-ut, -uta [fem.], -u [neuter])

-e Stems: (-el, ela [fem.], -e [neuter])

-a Stems: (-at, -ata [fem], -a [neuter])

First Declension Singular:

Nominative:  -ut, -uta [fem.], -u [neuter])
Accusative: -uzh
Vocative: -ush
Dative: -ush
Genitive: -um
Locative: -um

Ablative: -uma

Plural

Nominative:  -ut, -uta [fem.], -u [neuter])
Accusative: -uzhi
Vocative: -ushi
Dative: -ushi
Genitive: -umi
Locative: -umi
Ablative: -umai


Second Declension Singular:
Nominative:   -el (-ela [fem.], -e [neuter])
Accusative: -ezh
Vocative: -esh
Dative: -esh
Genitive: -em
Locative: -em
Ablative: -ema

Plural

Nominative:   -el (-ela [fem.], -e [neuter])
Accusative: -ezhi
Vocative: -eshi
Dative: -eshi
Genitive: -emi
Locative: -emi
Ablative: -emai


Third Declension Singular:
Nominative: -at (-ata [fem], -a [neuter])
Accusative: -arrazh
Vocative: -azh
Dative: -azh
Genitive: -am
Locative: -am
Ablative: -azhi

Plural


Nominative: -at (-ata [fem], -a [neuter])
Accusative: -arazh
Vocative: -azha
Dative: -azha
Genitive: -ame
Locative: -ame
Ablative: -azhe

As some of you may notice the third declension is irregular to the first and second.

To demonstrate I will derive the word "Sanat" meaning black from the avestan "Sama".

Reza sanat - "Black Reza" < The first semi phrase in Orrian!

Orrian Part 2 - Noun Stems and Much more!

Here are some more notes including diphthongs:
/ai/ - as in eye
/au/ - as in cow
/oi/ - as in Koi

Here are my quick notes on Orrian Noun Stems:

-a Stems: (-a, -yya [fem.] -an, -ana [fem.])
-e Stems: (-et [neuter], -en, -ena (fem.)]
-o Stems: (-os, -on, -osa [fem.], -o, -oha [fem.])
-u Stems: (-uv, -uvi [fem.], -us)
-i Steams: (-il [Fem.], -ir, -is [neuter], -ik)

Examples of a Noun.

In feminine endings the consonant before the open vowel or after the vowel is preserved and the applied case after nominative is added on.

Sarana = Saryya (non modernized) = Saryyash

Reza (King that existed before the Cataclysm)

Nominative: Reza
Accusative: Rezam
Vocative: Rezash
Dative: Rezahya
Genitive: Rezaya
Locative: Rezai
Ablative: Rezait

First Declension:
Nominative: -a (or -an, -ana,)
Accusative: -am
Vocative: -ash
Dative: -ahya
Genitive: -aya
Locative: -ai
Ablative: -ait

Plural -
Nominative: -aha
Accusative: -ami
Vocative: -ashi
Dative: -abiya
Genitive: -ayai
Locative: -aiya
Ablative: -aita

Second Declension: Singular
Nominative: -en (-et [neuter],-ena (fem.)]
Accusative: -em
Vocative: -esh
Dative: -ehya
Genitive: -eya
Locative: -eyi
Ablative: -eti

Plural -
Nominative: -eha
Accusative: -emi
Vocative: -eshi
Dative: -ebiya
Genitive: -eyai
Locative: -ehyi
Ablative: -etyi

Third Declension: Singular
Nominative: -os  (-on, -osa [fem.], -o, -ola [fem.])
Accusative: -om
Vocative: -osh
Dative: -ohya
Genitive: -oya
Locative: -oyai
Ablative: -otai

Plural -
Nominative: -oha
Accusative: -omi
Vocative: -oshi
Dative: -obiya
Genitive: -oyai
Locative: -oiya
Ablative: -oita

Fourth Declension: Singular
Nominative: -uv (-uvi [fem.], -us)
Accusative: -umi
Vocative: -ush
Dative: -uhya
Genitive: -uya
Locative: -uyai
Ablative: -utai

Plural -
Nominative: -auha
Accusative: -aumi
Vocative: -aushi
Dative: -aubiya
Genitive: -auyai
Locative: -auya
Ablative: -auta

Fifth Declension: Singular
Nominative: -il [Fem.] (-ir, -is [neuter], -ik)
Accusative: -im
Vocative: -ish
Dative: -ihya
Genitive: -iya
Locative: -iyai
Ablative: -itai


Plural -
Nominative: -iha
Accusative: -ima
Vocative: -isha
Dative: -ibiya
Genitive: -iyai
Locative: -iya

Ablative: -ita

Adjectives coming tomorrow!

Tyrian Languages - Orrian Priori Language Part 1

DISCLAIMER: THIS IS A FANON WORK AND IS CREATED SOLEY FOR AN EXPLORATION INTO THE WORLD OF TYRIA AND ITS LANGUAGES!

Please note that some of the language construction within this will be new as to reflect the work of the language as it evolves. I am assuming the names and what not are the "anglicized" forms of the name or the postulated modern take on them.

The first step I always take when tackling the work of constructed languages is sound; and before I can begin work on the other languages I need to nail down the central sounds or feelings of the languages in general.

We know a few quick facts about the languages.

Krytan has Hebrew, Greek and Italian Influences.
Ascalonian has Saxon and Norman influences with some Russian aspects.
Orrian has naming aspects from Greek, Urdu / Persian and Arabic.

We know that both the Titans and the Mursaat had names that were Latin in basis and that Arena Net has already used designs in the naming for Titans. We also know that Kurzick has a latin like structure to its language in the Old form.

From this we can extrapolate a things.

1. Likely the languages of Tyria (the continent) stem from a collective mother langua once spoken from Orr. We can then assume that Krytan and Ascalonian are variants of this.
2. We know that Orrian areas used Arabic and Greek naming practices. In this fact we can assume that most likely there is an aspect of each in the language. How this appears will be purely fanon.
3. We know from a post said by Matt Medina (he invented the New Krytan script) that there were sounds such as "Ach", "Meh" and "Muh" in the language. Along with the names found in Orr such as "Azabe Qabar" and Vizier Khilbron" I will postulate the following consonants.

Phonology

This phonology is constructed using notes on Ancient Greek, Persian and a few other sources. The words before the hyphen are the simplified romanization of the alphabet I will be using.

Stops:
a - /b/ - as in boy
p - /p/ - as in pig
t - /t/ - as in tall
d - /d/ - as in dog
k - /k/ - unaspirated, consonant sounds like the c in call
kh - /kh/ - aspirated, consonant expresses a puff of air when said (ken)
g- /g/ - as in get
' - /ʔ/ - Glottal stop marked with a '

Nasals:
m - /m/ - as in may
n - /n/ - as in name

Affricate:
ch - /tʃ/ - as in chess
dj - /dʒ/ - as in djinn

Fricatives:

f - /f/ - as in fort

v - /v/ - as in van 

s - /s/ - as in say
z - /z/ - as in zebra
sh - /ʃ/ - as in show
zh - /ʒ/ - as in zhang

Approximants:
rr - /r/ - trilled r
r - /ɹ/ - as in roll
l - /l/ - as in lay
y - /j/ - as in yawn

Vowels:
u - /ə/ - as in cut
i - /i/ - as in ski
o - /o/ - as in mole
a - /a/ - as in maw
e - /e/ - as in may

Allophones:
/ɪ/ - as in kick. /i/ becomes /ɪ/ when occurring before laterals.

Basic Word Construction

This is where things now get damn complicated, we have no real construction of the language itself. Meaning I will have to take a lot of liberties here. The phonology was constructed primarily from Arabic with a tinge of Greek and latin. I kept the Vowels simple to allow easier transference when we get to Krytan and Ascalonian.

For the simplicity of construction I will assume that this is a Subject - Verb - Object language. I will then assume that it most likely uses similar construction to arabic, latin and greek.

A few things we may assume:

1. Gender most likely exists, but not in extremes, this may mena there is a common male or female ending for most roots rather than specific gendered endings. There is no evidence of a neutered gender.
2. Most likely this language will use case endings similar to Latin or Greek, and Old Iranian (to give it an older feel than modern Iranian).

Cases:

Cases are endings of a noun root that imply meanings such as "with or in something". They are common many greek languages.

Nominative - Case of the agent, the subject of the sentence.

Accusative - Case of the object, the acted upon aspect of the sentence.

Genitive - Case of possession, or the possessive.

Vocative - The declarative case, "oh this!" is the mark of vocative!

Dative - Case of giving, or something being given.

Locative - Case of location, in or on.

Ablative - Case of with or along.

More to come!

A Long Time to Return

It's been a while since I wrote on this blog and I can say that after so long I'm surprised I still have it. I want to state that my work on Amazo is going to have start anew. This summer I lost perhaps 40% of the original work which means a lot has to be completely recovered.

So here are my upcoming projects.

• Working on Amazo when I get some time, expanding on what was written before.
• Tyrian Languages Conlang project < New in following blog!

Otu kæɲi Thylasalha

It is called the Guarded Path, or "Otu kæɲi Thylasalha". The Path that one walks and uses to guard against enemies that might cause. The Martial Art of the Nation found its beginnings supposedly thousands of years ago under the tutelage of the woman known as "High Fall", one of the three daughters of First Chieftain.

The actual Art would not fully evolve for centuries until the modern day. A mixing of early Amazon teachings and influenced by other combat forms, Otu kæɲi Thylasalha, is focused upon two key ideasl. The Defense of the user and the removal of threats to the user. Adopting similar punches and kicks used in Thai Kick Boxing, Otu kæɲi Thylasalha uses the joints as extra points of pressure to deliver harsh strong jabs to weak areas. The primary weapon of this format is the Tonfa. Usually the weapon is held at the side so that the user is free to punch at the open with quick light strikes. If necessary the bladed end of the tonfa can then be used to slash the opponent or provide a hard block to an oncoming punch or swipe.

The other aspect of the martial form us the usage of body pinning and minor locks to disable an opponent. This evolved out of Greek wrestling brought to the Nation via liason with Sparta during the era of the Delian League. For years the Amazones taught this art to their sons and daughters and it was nearly lost after the Roman invasion. In modern times, many young Amazones are taught the art as part of their heritage and as a method of self defense. Some outside the nation have learned it, but teaching Otu kæɲi Thylasalha to outsiders is considered very disrespectful if the teacher did not gain permission from their Ozikon.

Update on terminology and rules

Adjectives now in Amazo precede the modified noun. In this we can then use verbal phrases to modify a singular noun. These phrases will lack the modal clitic and instead will count as direct modifiers to the verb the precede if another noun does not complete the clause and acts as the patient of the action. This is then further stated by the verb conjugating into the middle voice.

This is not counted as a reflexive unless the noun is in the Ablative.

The new term for the Amazonian body tattoos is now "Nythones kæbæ Zentilha".