Orrian Part 4: VERBS!

Hello everyone this is part four in my series on the Orrian language! This section will cover the concept of "action words"! So lets get to it!

Verb concepts within Orrian can be marked along four lines:

• Tense or the time that an action occurs!
• Aspect the means or the status of the action.
• Modality or how an action is meant to be acted.
• Voice the way in which the action is done.

Verb Stems

-arri

-erre

-orri

-irri

Tense

Tense within Orrian is marked into the following tenses.

Present: Actions in the current time.

Imperfect: Uncompleted past actions, or ongoing actions in the past.

Perfect: A completed action, actions that are done.

Pluperfect: A completed action in the past.

Past: Actions that occurred in the past or have happened.

Future: An action that will happen.

Future Perfect: An action that is completed in the future.

First Conjugation:  -arri

Present: -arruk

Imperfect: -amu

Perfect: -ame

Pluperfect: -anyi

Past: -ayen

Future: -alat

Future Perfect: -aite

Second Conjugation:  -erre

Present: -erruk

Imperfect: -emu

Perfect: -eme

Pluperfect: -enyi

Past: -eyen

Future: -elat

Future Perfect: -aute

Third Conjugation:  -irri

Present: -iruk

Imperfect: -inu

Perfect: -ine

Pluperfect: -indju

Past: -iyen

Future: -ilet

Future Perfect: -itu

Third Conjugation:  -orri

Present: -orruk

Imperfect: -omu

Perfect: -ome

Pluperfect: -onyi

Past: -oyen

Future: -olat

Future Perfect: -ote

Aspect

Progressive: The action is ongoing.

Imperfective: The action is not completed.

Perfective: The action is completed

Aspect is marked by the markers:

Progressive: anda

Imperfective: elar

Perfective: ilish

These markers occur after the verb or action that they modify in the phrase.

Modality

Modality or or mood deals with how the meaning of an action is expressed. Orrian has a fairly advanced modal system based upon a focus on the meaning of action. These are marked by particles placed after the noun and before the verb, much in the same way of english's aux verbs "I must do this this" is an example.

Indicative: A truthful or a statement of good belief.

Imperative: A statement of command or demand, prohibition or requests.

Subjunctive: A statement of suggestion or possibility.

Conditional: A statement of condition

Opative: A statement of hope, or wishes.

Jussive: A statement of pleading or insistence, or desire.

Interrogative: A statement of questioning or inquiry.

Here are the modal markers:

Indicative: yazh
Imperative: dayen
Subjunctive: garan
Conditional: yash
Opative: ilil
Jussive: dere
Interrogative: ko

Voice

Voice describes who is commiting the action or if the action is being acted upon someone. In Orrian Voice occurs as a clitic attached to the verb marked with a hyphen. This clitic also conjugates to plurality. The conjugation of the voice depends upon the agent (the noun of the action itself) and if it is singular or plural.

Active: The action is being committed actively against something.

Middle: The action is being committed against some itself (a partial reflexive).

Passive: The object of the action was acted upon.

Active Singular: -tan

Active Plural: -tain

Middle Singular: -lan

Middle Plural: -lain

Passive Singular: -gen

Passive Plural: -gazh

Orrian Notes Part 3 - Adjectives, and Verbs

Today I hope to cover the invention of Orrian Adjectives, Verbs and Pronouns.

To let everyone known I'm officially naming this the Tyrian Language family after the continent for now.

Adjectives

Orrian Adjectives appear after the noun in much in the case of latin and greek. They also take on the same case as the noun they are modifying.

-u Stems: (-ut, -uta [fem.], -u [neuter])

-e Stems: (-el, ela [fem.], -e [neuter])

-a Stems: (-at, -ata [fem], -a [neuter])

First Declension Singular:

Nominative:  -ut, -uta [fem.], -u [neuter])
Accusative: -uzh
Vocative: -ush
Dative: -ush
Genitive: -um
Locative: -um

Ablative: -uma

Plural

Nominative:  -ut, -uta [fem.], -u [neuter])
Accusative: -uzhi
Vocative: -ushi
Dative: -ushi
Genitive: -umi
Locative: -umi
Ablative: -umai


Second Declension Singular:
Nominative:   -el (-ela [fem.], -e [neuter])
Accusative: -ezh
Vocative: -esh
Dative: -esh
Genitive: -em
Locative: -em
Ablative: -ema

Plural

Nominative:   -el (-ela [fem.], -e [neuter])
Accusative: -ezhi
Vocative: -eshi
Dative: -eshi
Genitive: -emi
Locative: -emi
Ablative: -emai


Third Declension Singular:
Nominative: -at (-ata [fem], -a [neuter])
Accusative: -arrazh
Vocative: -azh
Dative: -azh
Genitive: -am
Locative: -am
Ablative: -azhi

Plural


Nominative: -at (-ata [fem], -a [neuter])
Accusative: -arazh
Vocative: -azha
Dative: -azha
Genitive: -ame
Locative: -ame
Ablative: -azhe

As some of you may notice the third declension is irregular to the first and second.

To demonstrate I will derive the word "Sanat" meaning black from the avestan "Sama".

Reza sanat - "Black Reza" < The first semi phrase in Orrian!

Orrian Part 2 - Noun Stems and Much more!

Here are some more notes including diphthongs:
/ai/ - as in eye
/au/ - as in cow
/oi/ - as in Koi

Here are my quick notes on Orrian Noun Stems:

-a Stems: (-a, -yya [fem.] -an, -ana [fem.])
-e Stems: (-et [neuter], -en, -ena (fem.)]
-o Stems: (-os, -on, -osa [fem.], -o, -oha [fem.])
-u Stems: (-uv, -uvi [fem.], -us)
-i Steams: (-il [Fem.], -ir, -is [neuter], -ik)

Examples of a Noun.

In feminine endings the consonant before the open vowel or after the vowel is preserved and the applied case after nominative is added on.

Sarana = Saryya (non modernized) = Saryyash

Reza (King that existed before the Cataclysm)

Nominative: Reza
Accusative: Rezam
Vocative: Rezash
Dative: Rezahya
Genitive: Rezaya
Locative: Rezai
Ablative: Rezait

First Declension:
Nominative: -a (or -an, -ana,)
Accusative: -am
Vocative: -ash
Dative: -ahya
Genitive: -aya
Locative: -ai
Ablative: -ait

Plural -
Nominative: -aha
Accusative: -ami
Vocative: -ashi
Dative: -abiya
Genitive: -ayai
Locative: -aiya
Ablative: -aita

Second Declension: Singular
Nominative: -en (-et [neuter],-ena (fem.)]
Accusative: -em
Vocative: -esh
Dative: -ehya
Genitive: -eya
Locative: -eyi
Ablative: -eti

Plural -
Nominative: -eha
Accusative: -emi
Vocative: -eshi
Dative: -ebiya
Genitive: -eyai
Locative: -ehyi
Ablative: -etyi

Third Declension: Singular
Nominative: -os  (-on, -osa [fem.], -o, -ola [fem.])
Accusative: -om
Vocative: -osh
Dative: -ohya
Genitive: -oya
Locative: -oyai
Ablative: -otai

Plural -
Nominative: -oha
Accusative: -omi
Vocative: -oshi
Dative: -obiya
Genitive: -oyai
Locative: -oiya
Ablative: -oita

Fourth Declension: Singular
Nominative: -uv (-uvi [fem.], -us)
Accusative: -umi
Vocative: -ush
Dative: -uhya
Genitive: -uya
Locative: -uyai
Ablative: -utai

Plural -
Nominative: -auha
Accusative: -aumi
Vocative: -aushi
Dative: -aubiya
Genitive: -auyai
Locative: -auya
Ablative: -auta

Fifth Declension: Singular
Nominative: -il [Fem.] (-ir, -is [neuter], -ik)
Accusative: -im
Vocative: -ish
Dative: -ihya
Genitive: -iya
Locative: -iyai
Ablative: -itai


Plural -
Nominative: -iha
Accusative: -ima
Vocative: -isha
Dative: -ibiya
Genitive: -iyai
Locative: -iya

Ablative: -ita

Adjectives coming tomorrow!